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How Contagious is Measles? Symptoms, Prevention, and Booster Guidance How Contagious Is Measles? Symptoms, Prevention & Booster Guidance Measles is one of the most contagious viral diseases in the world. According to the CDC , it spreads through coughing, sneezing, or even breathing near an infected person. The virus can remain in the air or on surfaces for up to two hours . How Contagious Is Measles? R0 Value: Measles has a reproduction number (R0) between 12–18 , meaning one infected person can spread it to 12–18 others without immunity. Infectious Period: A person with measles can spread the virus from 4 days before to 4 days after the rash appears. High-Risk Groups Unvaccinated individuals Infants and young children Pregnant women People with weakened immune systems Signs and Symptoms of Measles Measles symptoms usually appear 7–14 days after exposure and progres...

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that affects women of childbearing age. It is characterized by irregular periods, elevated androgen (male hormone) levels, and the presence of multiple small cysts on the ovaries. PCOS can impact fertility and overall health, but with the right management, symptoms can be controlled and risks minimized. PCOS is one of the most common hormonal conditions in women. Other related health conditions include thyroid disorders and endometriosis . Symptoms of PCOS Irregular or missing menstrual periods Excess hair growth on the face and body (hirsutism) ...

Gestational Diabetes: Risks, Management & Long-Term Health Gestational Diabetes: Risks, Management & Long-Term Health Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is glucose intolerance first identified during pregnancy. It results when the mother’s insulin production is insufficient to meet the increased metabolic demands of pregnancy, causing elevated blood glucose levels that can affect both mother and baby. Although GDM often resolves after delivery, appropriate screening, management and postpartum follow-up are essential to reduce immediate and long-term risks. What is gestational diabetes? GDM refers to any degree of glucose intolerance that begins or is first recognized during pregnancy. It is distinct from pre-existing type 1 or type 2 diabetes and is typically diagnosed in the second or third trimester. Physiologic insulin resistance increases during pregnancy (driven by placen...

Preterm Deliveries: Causes, Prevention, Treatment & Complications Preterm Deliveries: Causes, Prevention, Treatment & Complications Preterm delivery (also called premature birth ) happens when a baby is born before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy. It is a leading cause of neonatal illness and mortality worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) , around 15 million babies are born too early every year, and complications from prematurity are the leading cause of death in children under 5 years. 📌 Definition Preterm delivery is defined as childbirth that occurs before 37 weeks of gestation. Depending on gestational age, prematurity can be classified into: Extremely preterm: Less than 28 weeks Very preterm: 28–32 weeks Moderate to late preterm: 32–37 weeks 🧾 Causes and Risk Factors 1. Maternal Factors Previous history of preterm ...

The Complete Guide to Cesarean Section (C-Section): History, Procedure & Facts The Complete Guide to Cesarean Section (C-Section): History, Procedure & Facts The Cesarean section (C-section) is one of the most important surgical procedures in obstetrics. It is performed when vaginal delivery is unsafe for the mother or the baby. This article explores the history, procedure, indications, and possible complications of C-sections, providing a complete overview for readers. 📜 Historical Background of C-Section The C-section has roots in ancient civilizations including Hindu, Egyptian, Grecian, Roman, and Chinese cultures. Folklore and historical records suggest that the procedure was often performed in cases where the mother’s life was in danger. Greek mythology: Apollo was said to have delivered Asclepius from his mother’s womb. Roman law: During Julius Caesar’s rule, it became mandatory to deliver a child surgically...