Measles outbreak:How Contagious is Measles? Symptoms, Prevention, and Booster Guidance
How Contagious Is Measles? Symptoms, Prevention & Booster Guidance
Measles is one of the most contagious viral diseases in the world. According to the CDC, it spreads through coughing, sneezing, or even breathing near an infected person. The virus can remain in the air or on surfaces for up to two hours.
How Contagious Is Measles?
- R0 Value: Measles has a reproduction number (R0) between 12–18, meaning one infected person can spread it to 12–18 others without immunity.
- Infectious Period: A person with measles can spread the virus from 4 days before to 4 days after the rash appears.
High-Risk Groups
- Unvaccinated individuals
- Infants and young children
- Pregnant women
- People with weakened immune systems
Signs and Symptoms of Measles
Measles symptoms usually appear 7–14 days after exposure and progress in stages:
| Stage | Symptoms |
|---|---|
| Early Symptoms (2–4 days) | High fever, cough, runny nose, conjunctivitis, fatigue, loss of appetite |
| Koplik's Spots | Small white spots with bluish centers inside the mouth (1–2 days before rash) |
| Rash Stage | Red flat spots starting on the face and spreading to the body; fever spikes |
| Recovery | Rash fades within 5–6 days, fever subsides, overall recovery |
Complications of Measles
- Pneumonia (leading cause of measles-related deaths)
- Encephalitis (brain swelling causing seizures or long-term damage)
- Severe diarrhea and dehydration
- Blindness (linked to vitamin A deficiency and corneal damage)
- Pregnancy complications: premature birth, miscarriage, or low birth weight
Measles Outbreak in Texas
Recently, a measles outbreak in Texas has caused 124 confirmed cases, mostly among unvaccinated children. Tragically, one unvaccinated child died — the first U.S. measles death since 2015. The outbreak spread across nine counties, with a major impact on a Mennonite community in Gaines County.
Health experts stress that vaccination is the most effective way to prevent measles outbreaks.
Prevention: MMR Vaccine
The MMR vaccine (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) provides 97% protection after two doses:
- First dose: between 12–15 months of age
- Second dose: between 4–6 years of age
Do You Need a Measles Booster?
- Fully Vaccinated: Two doses as a child = lifelong protection (no booster needed).
- Uncertain Vaccination Status: If unsure, getting another dose is safe and recommended.
- Vaccinated Before 1968: Earlier vaccines were less effective — a booster may be needed.
- High-Risk Groups: Healthcare workers, travelers, and outbreak-area residents may need an extra dose.
- Testing Immunity: A blood test (titer) can confirm immunity, but a booster is usually advised if unsure.
- Who Should Avoid: People with weak immune systems should not take the live MMR vaccine.
FAQs About Measles
1. How long does measles last?
Measles typically lasts 10–14 days from symptom onset to recovery.
2. Can you get measles twice?
No, once infected, people usually gain lifelong immunity. Vaccination ensures protection without infection.
3. What should I do if I’m exposed to measles?
If unvaccinated, contact a doctor immediately. The MMR vaccine within 72 hours of exposure may prevent illness.
4. Is measles dangerous during pregnancy?
Yes. It can cause miscarriage, premature birth, or low birth weight.
5. Where can I learn more about measles prevention?
Visit the CDC measles prevention page for more information.
Comments
Post a Comment