Hepatitis C in Pregnancy: Causes, Risks, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

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Hepatitis C in Pregnancy – Causes, Risks, Management & FAQs

Hepatitis C in Pregnancy – Causes, Risks, Management & FAQs

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection during pregnancy is a growing global health concern. With an estimated 71 million people worldwide living with chronic HCV, many women of reproductive age are affected. Understanding the implications of Hepatitis C in pregnancy is crucial for maternal health, safe delivery, and newborn outcomes.

This article provides updated, evidence-based information on Hepatitis C in pregnancy, including causes, risks, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and frequently asked questions.

1. Overview

Hepatitis C is a viral infection that primarily affects the liver. In pregnancy, it poses unique challenges due to the risk of vertical transmission (mother-to-child), maternal complications, and limited treatment options during gestation.

2. Causes & Transmission

  • HCV spreads through blood-to-blood contact.
  • Common routes: contaminated needles, unsafe transfusions, unsterile medical procedures.
  • In pregnancy, the main concern is vertical transmission during delivery.

3. Risks in Pregnancy

Hepatitis C can increase risks for both mother and baby:

  • Gestational diabetes
  • Preterm birth
  • Low birth weight
  • Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP)
  • Mother-to-child transmission (5–7% risk)

4. Diagnosis & Screening

Screening is essential for early detection:

  • HCV antibody test – initial screening
  • HCV RNA PCR – confirms active infection
  • Liver function tests – assess maternal health
The CDC and WHO recommend universal HCV screening at the first prenatal visit in high-prevalence regions.

5. Management During Pregnancy

Currently, direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are not approved for use during pregnancy due to limited safety data. Management focuses on:

  • Monitoring maternal liver function
  • Preventing complications
  • Planning safe delivery
  • Postpartum referral for antiviral therapy

6. Delivery & Postpartum Care

  • Mode of delivery (vaginal vs. cesarean) does not significantly alter transmission risk.
  • Breastfeeding is safe unless nipples are cracked or bleeding.
  • Infants should be tested for HCV RNA at 2–3 months and HCV antibody at 18 months.

7. Prevention Strategies

  • Universal prenatal screening
  • Safe medical practices (sterile injections, screened blood)
  • Education on avoiding risky behaviors
  • Postpartum antiviral treatment for mothers

9. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is Hepatitis C dangerous during pregnancy?
Yes. While many women remain asymptomatic, Hepatitis C can increase risks of gestational diabetes, preterm birth, and vertical transmission to the baby.
Can Hepatitis C be treated during pregnancy?
Currently, direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are not approved for use in pregnancy. Treatment is usually deferred until after delivery.
What is the risk of passing Hepatitis C to my baby?
The risk of vertical transmission is approximately 5–7%. The risk is higher if the mother has HIV co-infection or high viral load.
Can I breastfeed if I have Hepatitis C?
Yes. Breastfeeding is considered safe unless nipples are cracked or bleeding, which could expose the infant to infected blood.
Should all pregnant women be screened for Hepatitis C?
Yes. The CDC and WHO recommend universal screening at the first prenatal visit, especially in high-prevalence regions.

10. References

  1. CDC – Hepatitis C FAQs
  2. WHO – Hepatitis C Fact Sheet
  3. ACOG – Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Pregnancy
  4. NCBI – Hepatitis C in Pregnancy: Review and Clinical Update
  5. VA Hepatitis C Resource – Pregnancy

Disclaimer

This article is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult your obstetrician, hepatologist, or healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment tailored to your individual condition. Do not start or stop any medication without medical supervision.

© 2025 Humaira Health Blog – Empowering women with accurate, accessible health education.

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