Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

What is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder in women of reproductive age. It is characterized by irregular periods, excess androgen levels, and polycystic ovaries. Women with PCOS may face infertility, weight

gain, acne, and increased hair growth.

"Illustration of woman showing symptoms of PCOS including irregular periods, hormonal imbalance, and ovarian cysts"


Common Symptoms of PCOS

  • Irregular or missed periods
  • Excess facial or body hair (hirsutism)
  • Acne and oily skin
  • Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
  • Thinning scalp hair (alopecia)
  • Ovarian cysts
  • Infertility or trouble getting pregnant
  • Darkened skin patches (acanthosis nigricans)

What Causes PCOS?

The exact cause of PCOS is unknown, but several factors contribute:

  1. Insulin Resistance: Most women with PCOS have insulin resistance, leading to high blood sugar and increased androgen production.
  2. Hormonal Imbalance: Elevated androgens disrupt ovulation.
  3. Genetics: PCOS tends to run in families.
  4. Inflammation: Low-grade chronic inflammation may worsen hormonal dysfunction.
"Infographic showing key symptoms of PCOS such as hirsutism, acne, irregular periods, and obesity"


How Is PCOS Diagnosed?

Diagnosis typically requires at least two of the following:

  • Irregular or absent menstrual cycles
  • Clinical signs of excess androgens (acne, hirsutism) or elevated blood levels
  • Polycystic ovaries seen on pelvic ultrasound

Other tests may include:

  • Blood tests for hormone levels, thyroid function, and glucose tolerance
  • Pelvic ultrasound to detect ovarian cysts

Treatment Options for PCOS

1. Lifestyle and Diet Changes

  • Adopt a low glycemic index diet
  • Exercise regularly (at least 30 mins a day)
  • Lose 5–10% of body weight if overweight

2. Medications

  • Metformin: Improves insulin sensitivity
  • Birth control pills: Regulate periods and lower androgen levels
  • Clomiphene or Letrozole: Help induce ovulation
  • Spironolactone: Reduces excess hair and acne

3. Natural Remedies

  • Spearmint tea (reduces hirsutism)
  • Myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol supplements
  • Acupuncture (may regulate periods)

Best Diet for PCOS

Foods to Eat Foods to Avoid
Whole grains, leafy greens, nuts, seeds, legumes Sugary drinks, white bread, fried foods
Lean proteins, berries, omega-3 rich foods Processed snacks, fast food, dairy (in some cases)

Can PCOS Be Cured?

PCOS cannot be cured, but it can be effectively managed with lifestyle changes and medication. Early diagnosis and proper care reduce long-term risks such as infertility, diabetes, and heart disease.

FAQs About PCOS

Q1. Is PCOS a lifelong condition?
Yes, but symptoms can be controlled with proper treatment.

Q2. Can women with PCOS get pregnant?
Yes, many women with PCOS conceive naturally or with medical assistance.

Q3. What age does PCOS start?
PCOS usually starts in late teens or early 20s but can vary.

Final Thoughts

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome affects millions of women worldwide but with the right knowledge and lifestyle approach, its symptoms can be managed. Regular checkups, a PCOS-friendly diet, stress control, and targeted treatments form the backbone of long-term control.

Written by Dr. Humaira Latif | Visit: dryasirhumaira342.blogspot.com

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